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<title>WCS Indonesia - Saving Wildlife and Wild lands</title>
<link>http://www.wcsip.org/</link>
<description>WCS Indonesia</description>
<copyright>Copyright 2006</copyright>
<lastBuildDate>Fri, 21 Nov 2008 10:38:45 +0700</lastBuildDate>
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<title>INTEGRATING CONSERVATION &amp; RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN SULAWESI</title>
<description>
  <![CDATA[WCS is working in North Sulawesi to integrate conservation and environmentally sustainable natural resource management among rural communities. The goal of the project is to improve rural livelihoods while simultaneously benefiting the environment and forms part of the Indonesian &ldquo;Kecamatan Development Program&rdquo; (known locally as KDP, or PPK or Program Pemngembangan Kecamatan). This is country-wide rural development program reaches more than 30,000 rural villages and provides them with facilitation services, village governance improvements, and grants for villagechosen investments.<br />        <br /> In North Sulawesi the existing program has to date focused on the construction of public facilities (such as roads, bridges, water supply facilities etc.) and to a lesser degree it also assists with health, education, micro-finance and productive livelihood activities. While such activities might improve the livelihoods of the local communities, and are expected to speed up the economic development of the area, environmental and conservation considerations have not been fully integrated. This is set to change with the piloting of a 'Green' level to KDP with WCS providing capacity building, education and awareness to support its implementation.]]>
</description>
<link>publication_sum.php?id=89</link>
<category>Factsheets</category>
</item>  <item>
<title>Shadowing Black Macaques<br /></title>
<description>
  <![CDATA[The air is already hot and sultry this early morning, and I struggle to keep pace with dozens of stocky, black monkeys as they stride effortlessly through a muggy forest understory. We are on the steep slopes of Tangkoko Volcano, one of many extinct peaks adorning the northern shores of Sulawesi, the most central island in the vast archipelago of Indonesia. The monkeys are Sulawesi crested black macaques, and I am here to study what they gain and give up from living in a tight social community. In the process, I've been learning firsthand that being a member of this group means keeping up when it moves.<br />After a five-hour trudge, to my relief, the macaques rest. I plop down on the forest floor, careful to place a large palm leaf between me and the dank earth where hoards of mites, ticks and scorpions roam. Dozens of furry bodies relax only a few feet away from me like so many Labradors after a day's hunt. Their pungent odor assaults my senses.]]>
</description>
<link>publication_sum.php?id=88</link>
<category>Popular Articles</category>
</item>  <item>
<title>Conservation Status of Sulawesi Primates</title>
<description>
  <![CDATA[The island of Sulawesi in eastern Indonesian contains 6 endemic macaque species and 5 tarsier species, four of which are endemic. Two macaque species (M. nigra and M. maurus) are considered Endangered; three (M. nigrescens, M. hecki, and M. tonkeana) are considered Lower Risk, and one (M. ochreata) is considered Data Deficient. Two tarsier species (T. dianae, T. spectrum) are Lower Risk; and three (T. pelengensis, T. pumilus, T. sangirensis) are considered Data Deficient. Based on government statistics, total forest cover is 8.1 million ha (43.8%) of which 4.65 million ha are officially protected. This study combines existing and new data to examine recent forest loss, human population trends in and near forests, primate population trends to arrive at possible scenarios for each species. Annual forest loss per year between 1985 and 1997 was 2.35%. A recent World Bank report suggests that all remaining lowland forest in Sulawesi may be lost altogether in the near future. Given current trends in forest loss, our analysis suggests that status of several Sulawesi primate species may need to be changed, particularly M. nigra and M. maurus upgraded to Critically Endangered, M. hecki and M. nigrescens upgraded to Vulnerable.]]>
</description>
<link>publication_sum.php?id=87</link>
<category>Scientific</category>
</item>  <item>
<title>Macaque Island<br /></title>
<description>
  <![CDATA[It is barely light when I enter the forest to up the steep, wet slopes of the volcano. Wtihin minutes I am soaked in perspiration, more from extreme humidity than exertion. Eeri whistles of an unseen bird compete with the demonic duets of diminutive tarsiers-ancient nocturnal primates-as they greet dawn. A pungent odor hanging heavily in the air is the first inidcation that I am near my destination. Suddenly, I hear raucous screams overhead and I am pummeled by a shower of ripe fruit. High above my head, 97 stout black figures are awakening. I drop my pack and take out my notebook and pencil; my wok has begun.]]>
</description>
<link>publication_sum.php?id=86</link>
<category>Popular Articles</category>
</item>  <item>
<title>Guest What's for Dinner?<br /></title>
<description>
  <![CDATA[when you think of Indonesian cuisine, you probably envision fried rice, vegetables smothered in peanut sauce, and spicy tofu. On the island of Sulawesi, however, the menu is more likely to include roasted macaque, but curry, fried forest rat, and even babirusa meat.<br />Isolated for eons between Asia and Australia, Sulawesi has a unique wildlife mix of Asiatic monkeys and pouched mammals such as the cuscus, as well as endemic species such as a dwarf buffalo called the anoa and the babirusa, a wild pig with tusks that emerge through the top of its snour The number of macque species is unrivaled anywhare else in Asia.<br />]]>
</description>
<link>publication_sum.php?id=85</link>
<category>Popular Articles</category>
</item>  <item>
<title>Behavior, Diet, and Movements of the Sulawesi Crested Black Macaque (Macaca nigra)</title>
<description>
  <![CDATA[We present the first field study of activity budgets, diet and ranging patterns of the Sulawesi crested black macaque, Macaca nigra, one of seven macaque species endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia. We studied three crested macaque groups, ranging in size from 50 to 97 individuals, for 18 months in the Tangkoko DuaSudara Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi. They spent 59% of the day moving and procuring food, especially fruits, and 41 % of the day resting and socializing. Their diet is composed of more than 145 species of fruit (66% of observed feeding bouts), vegetative material (2.5%), invertebrates (31.5%), and occasional vertebrate prey. Group differences were more pronounced than seasonal or diurnal differences. Specifically, the largest group moved farther during the day, moved at a faster and more uniform rate, ate less fruit, rested more, and socialized less than the smaller groups did. The largest group had the largest home range, but it included less primary forest and more disturbed habitat than the ranges of smaller groups. There are individual differences in activity budgets of adult males and females in time spent moving, resting, feeding, and socializing that may reflect differences in reproductive strategies of males versus females. The behavior of large juveniles is more similar to that of adults than to that of small juveniles. Daily movements and use of home range are correlated with diet. Macaques moved shorter distances as the proportion of time spent feeding on fiuit increased, and the top four dietary items accounted for most of the variance in entry into hectare blocks of home range.]]>
</description>
<link>publication_sum.php?id=84</link>
<category>Scientific</category>
</item>  <item>
<title>A Contextual Analysis of the Loud Call of the Sulawesi Crested Black Macaque, <em>Macaca Nigra</em></title>
<description>
  <![CDATA[The context in which adult males of the Sulawesi crested black macaque (<em>Macaca nigra</em>) gave loud calls was examined for 640 calls by males of 3 free ranging groups. Loud calls were scored <em>ad libitum</em> and classified into one of five behavioral contexts. Additional data were collected on the social context for 102 loud calls given during focal samples of six adult males of one social group. All adult males of <em>M. nigra</em> emit loud calls but dominant males call most frequently. Adult males give loud calls primarily during within group aggressive encounters in which the calling male is not involved. Contrary to previous reports, only a small proportion of loud calls result in directional group movements. We propose that the loud call of <em>M. nigra</em> functions primarily to signal the male&rsquo;s willingness to intervene in aggressive intragroup interactions rather than in the maintenance of intergroup spacing.<br />]]>
</description>
<link>publication_sum.php?id=83</link>
<category>Scientific</category>
</item>  <item>
<title>Diet and Activity of the Bear Cuscus, <em>Ailurops Ursinus</em>, in North Sulawesi, Indonesia</title>
<description>
  <![CDATA[We studied the daily time budget and feeding activity of the bear cuscus,<em> Ailurops ursinus</em>, in the Tangkoko-Duasudara Nature Reserve, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Bear cuscuses spent 63.4% of their time resting, and feeding accounted for only 5.6% of their activity. Bear cuscuses fed on 31 species of plants, including 26 identified trees and lianas from 17 families and 5 unidentified mistletoes. Dietary preference was influenced by availability of young leaves, and bear cuscuses maximized the amount of young leaves in the diet.]]>
</description>
<link>publication_sum.php?id=82</link>
<category>Scientific</category>
</item>  <item>
<title>The Social Repertoire of Sulawesi Macaques</title>
<description>
  <![CDATA[The social repertoire of Sulawesi macaques is presented, based upon data recorded both in the wild and from captive populations. The repertoire describes behaviors observed in social contexts, including communication patterns, movement patterns, sexual patterns, infant related and play behaviors, and triadic interactions. Most of these behavior patterns are shared by all known Sulawesi taxa. The form or function of certain patterns depart significantly from what has been reported in other macaques, while particular similarities may be linked to phylogenetic relationships within the genus <em>Macaca</em>.]]>
</description>
<link>publication_sum.php?id=81</link>
<category>Scientific</category>
</item>  <item>
<title>This Little Piggy...<br /></title>
<description>
  <![CDATA[Between 1993-the year I started working on the island of Sulawesi, in eastern Indonesian-and this year I have encountered the babirusa in the forest only five times. Such low numbers usually mean one of two things: one, the animals are extremely shy and avoid humans, or they are so rare that the likelihood of encountering them is very low. Both may turn out to be the case for the bizarre-looking wild pigs. <br />Babirusa live mostly in lowland forests and along rivers and swamps. These tusked, nearly hairless pigs are routinely killed in traps and snares set by hunters who supply wild meat and tusks for the North Sulawesi markets and South Sulawesi trophy shops.]]>
</description>
<link>publication_sum.php?id=80</link>
<category>Popular Articles</category>
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